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Kennedy, J. S.
- Influence of Temperature on Egg Hatching and Development Time of Brown Plant Hopper
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Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN
1 Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Department of Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore T.N., IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 376-378Abstract
Temperature is probably the most important environmental factor influencing the insect behaviour, distribution, development, survival and reproduction. Climate change, especially temperature increase, will affect insect physiology, behaviour, and development as well as species distribution and abundance, evidenced by changes in the number of generations a year, increasing survival rates in winter, and the earlier appearance of some insects. An investigation was taken up to understand the effect of different constant temperatures (28.3°C, 30.6°C, 32.7°C, 34.3°C and 36°C) on the egg hatching and development time of brown plant hopper (BPH). The results revealed that the temperature above 32.7°C was detrimental for the oviposoition by BPH females. Eggs hatching also decreased drastically with increase in temperatures. The development time taken by different stages of BPH varied significantly at different temperatures. Development time taken by different stages decreased considerably when the temperature increased. Longevity of the male and female adults also decreased with increasing temperature.Keywords
Brown Plant Hopper, Climate Change, Development Time, Egg, Global Warming, Temperature
- Fitness Trade-offs in Parasitoid-host System: With Special Reference to Acerophagus papayae Noyes on Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink
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Authors
R. Nisha
1,
J. S. Kennedy
1
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, T.N., IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 7, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 275-280Abstract
Development and parasitic potential of Acerophagus papayae Noyes on the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink from different host plants like papaya, cotton, mulberry, tapioca, brinjal and hibiscus were studied. The development time of parasitoid, A. papayae in the current study was shortest in mealybugs reared from papaya (10.9 days), followed by cotton (11.8 days), mulberry (12.4 days), brinjal (13.1 days), hibiscus (14.1 days) and recorded 16.3 days of development in tapioca reared papaya mealybug. The parasitisation rate was found to be highest in second instar than third instar and adult female mealybugs from host crop papaya viz., 87.5 per cent followed by cotton (84.2 %), mulberry (80.8 %), brinjal (80.0 %) and potato sprouts (75.8 %) and recorded lowest parasitisation rate in tapioca (67.5%). The parasitization level of parasitoid, A. papayae was maximum in papaya and minimum in tapioca due to the host plant induced changes in the mealybug. The development time was inversely correlated with the parasitic potential and so there was a trade-off between the development and parasitic potential of parasitoid.Keywords
Fitness Trade-offs, Parasitoid, Acerophagus papayae, Papaya Mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus- Safety of Selected Botanical and Synthetic Insecticides against Braconid Parasitoids of Vegetable Ecosystems
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T. N.), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T. N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 10, No 1 (2017), Pagination: 174-180Abstract
Insecticides are unavoidable in pest management programmes especially when the pest crosses economic threshold level (ETL). In this context, some of the insecticides and botanicals that are used in vegetable ecosystem were test verified for their relative safety against the commonly encountered parasitoids viz., Bracon brevicornis Wesmael, Chelonus blackburni Cameron and Cotesia plutellae Kurdjumov. Toxicity effects of five insecticides viz., Acephate 75SP, Chlorpyriphos 20EC, Cypermethrin 10EC, Profenofos 50EC, Quinalphos 25EC and NSKE 5 per cent against B. brevicornis, C. blackburni and Hexane extracts of Lantana camara var. aculeate tested against C. plutellae were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Amongst insecticides tested, Profenofos 50EC was found to be most toxic with LC50 value of 22.27 and 16.280 ppm; Chlorpyriphos 20EC was the least toxic with the highest LC50 value of 198.53 and 314.255 ppm and NSKE 5 per cent had no effect against B. brevicornis and C. blackburni, respectively. C. plutellae pupae were treated with hexane extracts of L. camara resulted of 66.67 and 76.67 per cent with reduction of adult emergence at 8 and 10 per cent, respectively. While, C. plutellae adults were found to be safe at all concentrations except 8 and 10 per cent and its contact toxicity of 63.33 and 96.67 per cent adult mortality recorded within 24h by dry film method. The results suggest that the Chlorpyriphos 20EC and botanical extracts can very well integrate in the management of vegetable insect pests.Keywords
Chelonus blackburni, Cotesia plutellae, Bracon brevicornis, NSKE, Lantana.References
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- Chemical Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of [Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke] with Polar Solvent Extractions
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
1 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
2 Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T.N.), IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 10, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 263-269Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to identify organic volatiles components present in Lantana leaves and found to exert biopesticidal-repellent action on many pests of horticultural crops. Volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) eluted from [Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Moldenke] was extracted ascrude oil and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 10 to 15 volatile compounds present in ethanol and methanol extracts were identified. These compounds were found distributed in several chemical classes namely, alcohols, carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, and esters), fatty acids, terpenes, nitrogenous and sulphur compounds. Of these various classes of compounds identified,Phenol-2-methyl-5-(1,2,2- trimethylcyclopentyl) - (S)-(CAS)-10.36 per cent and 2-(p-Methylphenyl) benzimidazole-7.86 per cent constituted major groups accounting for ethanol and whereas sulphur compounds viz.,stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta.) 15.48 per cent, caryophyllene (7.63%) and phenol having 14.96 per cent constituted major groups in methanol extracts.Keywords
Crude Extracts, Leaf Volatiles, Soxhlet Extraction, Lantana Plant, GC-MS.References
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